6.2 Library Issues: Digital Libraries

6.2.1 Alexandria Project, University of California, Santa Barbara
6.2.2 Digital Library Initiative, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
6.2.3 General
6.2.4 Informedia, Carnegie Mellon University
6.2.5 Mercury Project, Carnegie Mellon University
6.2.6 National Digital Library, Library of Congress
6.2.7 Other Projects and Systems
6.2.8 Stanford Digital Library Project
6.2.9 UC Berkeley Digital Library Project
6.2.10 University of Michigan Digital Library Project

6.2.1 Alexandria Project, University of California, Santa Barbara

Frew, James, Michael Freeston, Randall B. Kemp, Jason Simpson, Terence Smith, Alex Wells, and Qi Zheng. "The Alexandria Digital Library Testbed." D-Lib Magazine (July/August 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july96/alexandria/07frew.html

Goodchild, Michael F. "The Alexandria Digital Library Project: Review, Assessment, and Prospects." D-Lib Magazine 10, no. 5 (2004). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may04/goodchild/05goodchild.html

Hill, Linda L., Larry Carver, Mary Larsgaard, Ron Dolin, Terence R. Smith, James Frew, and Mary-Anna Rae. "Alexandria Digital Library: User Evaluation Studies and System Design." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 51, no. 3 (2000): 246-259.

Hill, Linda L., James Frew, and Qi Zheng. "Geographic Names: The Implementation of a Gazetteer in a Georeferenced Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine (January 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january99/hill/01hill.html

Hill, Linda L., Greg Janee, Ron Dolin, James Frew, and Mary Larsgaard. "Collection Metadata Solutions for Digital Library Applications." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, no. 13 (1999): 1169-1181.

Janee, Greg, James Frew, and Linda L. Hill. "Issues in Georeferenced Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine 10, no. 5 (2004). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may04/janee/05janee.html

Larsgaard, Mary Lynette, and Larry Carver. "Accessing Spatial Data Online: Project Alexandria." Information Technology and Libraries 14 (June 1995): 93-97.

Liu, Ying, and Anita S. Coleman. "Communicating Digital Library Services to Scientific Communities." LIBRES 14, no. 1 (2004). http://libres.curtin.edu.au/libres14n1/index.htm

Smith, Terence R. "A Brief Update on the Alexandria Digital Library Project: Constructing a Digital Library for Geographically-Referenced Materials." D-Lib Magazine (March 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march96/briefings/smith/03smith.html

________. "A Digital Library for Geographically Referenced Materials." Computer 29 (May 1996): 54-60.

Smith, Terence R., and James Frew. "Alexandria Digital Library." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 61-62.

6.2.2 Digital Library Initiative, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

________. "Measuring Access, Use, and Success in Digital Libraries." The Journal of Electronic Publishing 4, no. 2 (1998). http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/bishop.html

Bishop, Ann Peterson, Laura J. Neumann, Susan Leigh Star, Cecelia Merkel, Emily Ignacio, and Robert J. Sandusky. "Digital Libraries: Situating Use in Changing Information Infrastructure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 51, no. 4 (2000): 394-413.

Ferrer, Robert. "University of Illinois the Federation of Digital Libraries: Interoperability Among Heterogeneous Information Systems." Science & Technology Libraries 17, no. 3/4 (1999): 81-119.

Schatz, Bruce. "Building the Interspace: The Illinois Digital Library Project." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 62-63.

Schatz, Bruce, William Mischo, Timothy Cole, Ann Bishop, Susan Harum, Eric Johnson, Laura Neumann, Hsinchun Chen, and Dorbin Ng. "Federated Search of Scientific Literature." Computer 32 (February 1999): 51-59.

Schatz, Bruce, William H. Mischo, Timothy W. Cole, Joseph B. Hardin, Ann P. Bishop, and Hsinchun Chen. "Federating Diverse Collections of Scientific Literature." Computer 29 (May 1996): 28-36.

6.2.3 General

Almasy, Edward, David Sleasman, and Rachael Bower. "Software for Building a Full-Featured Discipline-Based Web Portal: The Scout Portal Toolkit." D-Lib Magazine 8 (November 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november02/almasy/11almasy.html

Andrews, Judith, and Derek Law, eds. Digital Libraries: Policy, Planning and Practice. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2004.

Arms, William Y. Digital Libraries. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2000.

________. "Key Concepts in the Architecture of the Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine (July 1995). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07arms.html

Arms, William Y., Christophe Blanchi, Edward A. Overly. "An Architecture for Information in Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine (February 1997). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february97/cnri/02arms1.html

Atkinson, Ross. "Library Functions, Scholarly Communication, and the Foundation of the Digital Library: Laying Claim to the Control Zone." The Library Quarterly 66 (July 1996): 239-265.

Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Integrated Public-Access Computer Systems: The Heart of the Electronic University." In Advances in Library Automation and Networking, vol. 3, ed. Joe A. Hewitt, 1-33. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1989.

Bekaert, Jeroen, Patrick Hochstenbach, and Herbert Van de Sompel. "Using MPEG-21 DIDL to Represent Complex Digital Objects in the Los Alamos National Laboratory Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine 9, no. 11 (2003). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november03/bekaert/11bekaert.html

Blandford, Ann, and George Buchanan. "Usability of Digital Libraries: A Source of Creative Tensions with Technical Developments." TCDL Bulletin (Summer 2003). http://www.ieee-tcdl.org/Bulletin/summer2003/blandford/blandford.html

Borgman, Christine L. "Digital Libraries and the Continuum of Scholarly Communication." Journal of Documentation 56 (July 2000): 412-430.

________. From Gutenberg to the Global Information Infrastructure: Access to Information in the Networked World. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2000.

________. "Multi-Media, Multi-Cultural, and Multi-Lingual Digital Libraries: Or How Do We Exchange Data in 400 Languages?" D-Lib Magazine (June 1997). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june97/06borgman.html

_______. "What Are Digital Libraries? Competing Visions." Information Processing and Management 35 (May 1999): 227-243.

Breaks, Michael. "Building the Hybrid Library: A Review of UK Activities." Learned Publishing 15 (April 2002): 99-107.

Campbell, Debbie. "How the Use of Standards Is Transforming Australian Digital Libraries." Ariadne, no. 41 (2004). http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue41/campbell/

Cantara, Linda. "Building a Cyberinfrastructure for the Humanities." OCLC Systems & Services 20, no. 4 (2004): 167-169.

Caplan, Priscilla. "Oh What a Tangled Web We Weave: Opportunities and Challenges for Standards Development in the Digital Library Arena." First Monday 5 (June 2000). http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue5_6/caplan/index.html

Carpenter, Leona, Simon Shaw, and Andrew Prescott, eds. Towards the Digital Library: The British Library's Initiatives for Access Programme. London: The British Library, 1998.

Chapman, Stephen. "Managing Text Digitisation." Online Information Review 27, no. 1 (2003): 17-27.

Chapman, Stephen, and Anne R. Kenney. "Digital Conversion of Library Research Materials: A Case for Full Informational Capture." D-Lib Magazine (October 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october96/cornell/10chapman.html

Choudhury, Sayeed, Benjamin Hobbs, Mark Lorie, and Nicholas Flores. "A Framework for Evaluating Digital Library Services." D-Lib Magazine 8 (July/August 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july02/choudhury/07choudhury.html

Chowdhury, G.G., and Sudatta Chowdhury. "Digital Library Research: Major Issues and Trends." Journal of Documentation 55 (September 1999): 409-488.

Cole, Timothy W. "Creating a Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections." First Monday 7 (May 2002). http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_5/cole/index.html

Cole, Timothy W., and Michelle M. Kazmer. "SGML as a Component of the Digital Library." Library Hi Tech 13, no. 4 (1995): 75-90.

Coleman, Anita. "Interdisciplinarity: The Road Ahead for Education in Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine 8 (July/August 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july02/coleman/07coleman.html

Crane, Gregory. "Georeferencing in Historical Collections." D-Lib Magazine 10, no. 5 (2004). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may04/crane/05crane.html

Deegan, Marilyn, Emil Steinvel, and Edmund King. "Digitizing Historic Newspapers: Progress and Prospects." RLG DigiNews 6, no. 4 (2002). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/v6_n4_feature2.html

Digital Libraries '94: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on the Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1994. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/

Digital Libraries '95: Proceeding of the Second Annual Conference on the Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, 1995. http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/

Esler, Sandra L., and Michael L. Nelson. "Evolution of Scientific and Technical Information Distribution." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49 (January 1998): 82-91.

Falk, Howard. "Developing Digital Libraries." The Electronic Library 21, no. 3 (2003): 258-261.

Fox, Edward A. "Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI) Projects 1994-1999." Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science 26 (October/November 1999): 7-11.

Fox, Edward A., Reagan W. Moore, Ronald L. Larsen, Sung Hyon Myaeng, and Sung-Hyuk Kim. "Toward a Global Digital Library: Generalizing US-Korea Collaboration on Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine 8 (October 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october02/fox/10fox.html

Graham, Peter S. "Requirements for the Digital Research Library." College & Research Libraries 56 (July 1995): 331-339.

Green, David. "Beyond Word and Image: Networking Moving Images: More Than Just the 'Movies.'" D-Lib Magazine (July/August 1997). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july97/07green.html

Greenstein, Daniel. "Digital Libraries and Their Challenges." Library Trends 49 (Fall 2000): 290-303.

Greenstein, Daniel, and Gerald George. "Digital Reproduction Quality: Benchmark Recommendations." RLG DigiNews 5, no. 4 (2001). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews5-4.html#featured

Greenstein, Daniel, and Suzanne E. Thorin. The Digital Library: A Biography. Washington, DC: Digital Library Federation, Council on Library and Information Resources, 2002. http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub109/pub109.pdf

Griffin, Stephen M. "NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative: A Program Manager's Perspective." D-LIB Magazine (July/August 1998). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july98/07griffin.html

Griscom, Richard. "Distant Music: Delivering Audio over the Internet." Notes 59, no. 3 (2003): 521-541.

Hamilton, Val. "Sustainability for Digital Libraries." Library Review 53, no. 8 (2004): 392-395.

Han, Yan. "Digital Content Management: The Search for a Content Management System." Library Hi Tech 22, no. 4 (2004): 355-365.

Harter, Stephen P. "Scholarly Communication and the Digital Library: Problems and Issues." Journal of Digital Information, 1, no. 1 (1997). http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v01/i01/Harter/

Herring, Susan Davis. "Journal Literature on Digital Libraries: Publishing and Indexing Patterns, 1992-1997." College & Research Libraries 61 (January 2000): 39-43.

Holley, Rose. "Developing a Digitisation Framework for Your Organisation." The Electronic Library 22, no. 6 (2004): 518-522.

IEEE International Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries: ADL '97, May 7-9, 1997, Washington, D.C. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997.

Jacobson, Robert L. "Librarians Agree on Coordination of Digital Plans." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 12 May 1995, A28.

Jones, Michael L. W., Geri K. Gay, and Robert H. Rieger. "Project Soup: Comparing Evaluations of Digital Collection Efforts." D-Lib Magazine 5 (November 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november99/11jones.html

Kahn, Robert, and Robert Wilensky. A Framework for Distributed Digital Object Services (Reston, VA: Corporation for National Research Initiatives, 1995). http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/home/cstr/arch/k-w.html

Kilker, Julian, and Geri Gay. "The Social Construction of a Digital Library: A Case Study Examining Implications for Evaluation." Information Technology and Libraries 17 (June 1998): 60-70.

Klemperer, Katharina, and Stephen Chapman. "Digital Libraries: A Selected Resource Guide." Information Technology and Libraries 16 (September 1997): 126-131.

Kochtanek, Thomas R., and Karen K. Hein. "Delphi Study of Digital Libraries." Information Processing and Management 35 (May 1999): 245-254.

Lesk, Michael. "Going Digital." Scientific American 276 (March 1997): 58-60.

________. "The Organization of Digital Libraries." Science & Technology Libraries 17, no. 3/4 (1999): 9-25.

________. Practical Digital Libraries: Books, Bytes, and Bucks. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1997.

Levy, David M. "Digital Libraries and the Problem of Purpose." D-Lib Magazine 6 (January 2000). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january00/01levy.html

Levy, David M., and Catherine C. Marshall. "Going Digital: A Look at Assumptions Underlying Digital Libraries." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 77-84.

Logoze, Carl, and David Fielding. "Defining Collections in Distributed Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine (November 1998). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november98/lagoze/11lagoze.html

Lowry, Charles B., and Barbara G. Richards. "Courting Discovery: Managing Transition to the Virtual Library." Library Hi Tech 12, no. 4 (1994): 7-13.

Lund, William. "Digital Object Library Products." RLG DigiNews 5, no. 5 (2001). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews5-5.html

Lynch, Clifford. "Today and Tomorrow: What the Digital Library Really Means for Collections and Services." In Virtually Yours: Models for Managing Electronic Resources and Services, ed. Peggy Johnson and Bonnie MacEwan, 85-97. Chicago: American Library Association, 1999.

Lynch, Clifford, and Hector Garcia-Molina. Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda: A Report on the May 18-19, 1995 IITA Digital Libraries Workshop. http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html

McCray, Alexa T., and Marie E, Gallagher. "Principles for Digital Library Development." Communications of the ACM 44 (May 2001): 49-54.

McKay, Sally. "Digitization in an Archival Environment." Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship 4, no.1 (2003). http://southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/content/v04n01/Mckay_s01.htm

Marchionini, Gary, and Hermann Maurer. "The Roles of Digital Libraries in Teaching and Learning." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 67-75.

Marcum, Deanna B. "Digital Libraries: For Whom? For What?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 23 (March 1997): 81-84.

________. "Requirements for the Future Digital Library." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 29, no. 5 (2003): 276-279.

Miller, Rush G. "Shaping Digital Library Content." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 28, no. 3 (2002): 97-103.

Mitchell, Steve, Margaret Mooney, Julie Mason, Gordon W. Paynter, Johannes Ruscheinski, Artur Kedzierski, and Keith Humphreys. "iVia Open Source Virtual Library System." D-Lib Magazine 9 (January 2003).

Moxley, Joseph M. "Universities Should Require Electronic Theses and Dissertations." EDUCAUSE Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2001): 61-63. http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0139.pdf

Nelson, Michael L., and B. Danette Allen. "Object Persistence and Availability in Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine (January 2002). ttp://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/nelson/01nelson.html

Oppenheim, Charles, and Daniel Smithson. "What Is the Hybrid Library?" Journal of Information Science 25, no. 2 (1999): 97-112.

Paepcke, Andreas, Chen-Chuan K. Chang, Hector Garcia-Molina, and Terry Winograd. "Interoperability for Digital Libraries Worldwide." Communications of the ACM 41 (April 1998): 33-43.

Pinfield, Stephen, Jonathan Eaton, Catherine Edwards, Rosemary Russell, Astrid Wissenburg, and Peter Wynne. "Realizing the Hybrid Library." D-Lib Magazine (October 1998). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october98/10pinfield.html

Pope, Nolan F. "Digital Libraries: Future Potentials and Challenges." Library Hi Tech 16, no. 3-4 (1998): 147-155.

Price-Wilkin, John. "Just-in-Time Conversion, Just-in-Case Collections: Effectively Leveraging Rich Document Formats for the WWW." D-Lib Magazine (May 1997). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may97/michigan/05pricewilkin.html

Prinsen, Jola G. B. "A Challenging Future Awaits Libraries Able to Change: Highlights of the International Summer School on the Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine 7 (November 2001). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november01/prinsen/11prinsen.html

Prinsen, Jola G. B., and Hans Geleijnse. "The International Summer School on the Digital Library: Experiences and Plans for the Future." D-Lib Magazine 5 (October 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october99/prinsen/10prinsen.html

Proceedings of International Symposium on Digital Libraries 1995. Tsukuba Science City, Japan: University of Library and Information Science, 1995. http://www.DL.ulis.ac.jp/ISDL95/proceedings/

Ray, Joyce. "Connecting People and Resources: Digital Programs at the Institute of Museum and Library Services." Library Hi Tech 22, no. 3 (2004): 249-253.

________. "Digitization Grants and How to Get One: Advice from the Director, Office of Library Services, Institute of Museum and Library Services." RLG DigiNews 4, no. 5 (2002). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews4-5.html#technical1

Reidy, Denis V. "The Electronic Icarus: Some Problems and Some Solutions in Digitisation." Information Services & Use 22, no. 4 (2002): 151-157.

Riley, Jenn, and Ichiro Fujinaga. "Recommended Best Practices for Digital Image Capture of Musical Scores." OCLC Systems & Services 19, no. 2 (2003): 62-69.

Rowlands, Ian, and David Bawden. "Building the Digital Library on Solid Research Foundations." Aslib Proceedings 51 (September 1999): 275-282.

Rusbridge, Chris. "Towards the Hybrid Library." D-Lib Magazine (July/August 1998). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july98/rusbridge/07rusbridge.html

Saracevic, Tefko. "Digital Library Evaluation: Toward an Evolution of Concepts." Library Trends 49 (Fall 2000): 350-369.

Schatz, Bruce R. "Information Retrieval in Digital Libraries: Bringing Search to the Net." Science, 17 January 1997, 327-334.

Schwartz, Candy. "Digital Libraries: An Overview." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 26 (November 2000): 385-393.

Seaman, David. "Deep Sharing: A Case for the Federated Digital Library." EDUCAUSE Review 38, no. 4 (2003): 10-11. http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0348.pdf

Shiri, Ali. "Digital Library Research: Current Developments and Trends." Library Review 52, no. 5 (2003): 198-202.

Smith, Abby. Strategies for Building Digitized Collections. Washington, DC: Digital Library Federation, Council on Library and Information Resources, 2001. http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub101/pub101.pdf

Soergel, Dagobert. "A Framework for Digital Library Research: Broadening the Vision." D-Lib Magazine 8 (December 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december02/soergel/12soergel.html

Spink, Amanda, and Colleen Cool. "Education for Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine 5 (May 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may99/05spink.html

Suleman, Hussein, and Edward A. Fox. "A Framework for Building Open Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine 7 (December 2001). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december01/suleman/12suleman.html

Sutton, Shan. "Navigating the Point of No Return: Organizational Implications of Digitization in Special Collections." portal: Libraries and the Academy 4, no. 2 (2004): 233-243.

Tennant, Roy. "The Digital Library Federation." Library Journal, 15 March 2000, 32-33.

Thomas, Charles F. "Memory Institutions as Digital Publishers: A Case Study on Standards and Interoperability." OCLC Systems & Services 20, no. 3 (2004): 134-139.

________. "Replication: The Forgotten Component in Digital Library Interoperability?" Technicalities 20 (July/August 2000): 3-5.

Trant, Jennifer. "Images on the Internet: Issues and Opportunities." American Council of Learned Societies Newsletter 4 (February 1997). http://www.acls.org/n44trant.htm

Waters, Donald J. "Building on Success, Forging New Ground: The Question of Sustainability." First Monday 9, no. 5 (2004). http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_5/waters/index.html

________. "Developing Digital Libraries: Four Principles for Higher Education." EDUCAUSE Review 36 (September/October 2001): 58-59. http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0158.pdf

Wiederhold, Gio. "Digital Libraries, Value, and Productivity." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 85-96.

Witten, Ian H., and David Bainbridge. How to Build a Digital Library. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2003.

Witten, Ian H., David Bainbridge, and Stefan J. Boddie. "Greenstone: Open-Source Digital Library Software." D-Lib Magazine 7 (October 2001). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/witten/10witten.html

Witten, Ian H., Michel Loots, Maria F. Trujillo, and David Bainbridge. "The Promise of Digital Libraries in Developing Countries." The Electronic Library 20, no. 1 (2002): 7-13.

6.2.4 Informedia, Carnegie Mellon University

Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes, Robert van der Zwan, Terry Dipaolo, Vanessa Evers, and Sarah Clarke. "An Evaluation of the Informedia Digital Video Library System at the Open University." Journal of Educational Media 24, no. 2 (1999): 131-136.

Wactlar, Howard D., Michael G. Christel, Yihong Gong, and Alexander G. Hauptmann. "Lessons Learned from Building a Terabyte Digital Video Library." Computer 32 (February 1999): 66-73.

Wactlar, Howard D., Takeo Kanade, Michael A. Smith, and Scott M. Stevens. "Intelligent Access to Digital Video: Informedia Project." Computer 29 (May 1996): 46-52.

6.2.5 Mercury Project, Carnegie Mellon University

Lowry, Charles B., and Barbara G. Richards. "Courting Discovery: Managing Transition to the Virtual Library." Library Hi Tech 12, no. 4 (1994): 7-13.

Richards, Barbara G. "Project Mercury: The Virtual Library Infrastructure at Carnegie Mellon University." In The Evolving Virtual Library: Visions and Case Studies, ed. Laverna M. Saunders, 67-88. Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 1996.

Troll, Denise A. "Library Information System II: Progress Report and Technical Plan." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 1, no. 3 (1990): 4-29. http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v1/n3/troll.1n3

________. "The Mercury Project: Meeting the Expectations of Electronic Library Patrons." In Advances in Online Public Access Catalogs, vol. 1, ed. Marsha Ra and Regina Rega, 114-135. Westport, CT: Meckler Publishing, 1992.

________. "Research on the Distributed Electronic Library." In Advances in Library Automation and Networking, vol. 5, ed. Joe A. Hewitt and Charles W. Bailey, Jr., 203-277. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Inc., 1994.

6.2.6 National Digital Library, Library of Congress

________. "Historical Collections for the National Digital Library: Lessons and Challenges at the Library of Congress." D-Lib Magazine (May 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may96/loc/05c-arms.html

Becker, Herbert S. "Library of Congress Digital Library Effort." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 66.

Lamolinara, Guy. "Metamorphosis of a National Treasure." American Libraries 27 (March 1996): 31-33.

________. "The National Digital Library Program." In The Bowker Annual Library and Book Trade Almanac, 40th ed., ed. Catherine Barr. New Providence, NJ: R. R. Bowker, 1995.

6.2.7 Other Projects and Systems

Bailey-Hainer, Brenda, and Richard Urban. "The Colorado Digitization Program: A Collaboration Success Story." Library Hi Tech 22, no. 3 (2004): 254-262.

Barber, David. "OhioLINK: A Consortial Approach to Digital Library Management." D-Lib Magazine (April 1997). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april97/04barber.html

Bartolo, Laura M., Cathy S. Lowe, Louis Z. Feng, and Brook Patten. "MatDL: Integrating Digital Libraries into Scientific Practice." Journal of Digital Information 5, no. 3 (2004). http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v05/i03/Bartolo/

Bayne, Pauline S., and Chris Hodge. "Digital Audio Reserves: A Collaborative Project at the University of Tennessee." Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Information Supply 11, no. 4 (2001): 25-36.

Borgman, Christine L., Anne J. Gilliland-Swetland, Gregory H. Leazer, Richard Mayer, David Gwynn, Rich Gazen, and Patricia Mautone. "Evaluating Digital Libraries for Teaching and Learning in Undergraduate Education: A Case Study of the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (ADEPT)." Library Trends 49 (Fall 2000): 228-250.

Brahms, Ewald. "Digital Library Initiatives of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft." D-Lib Magazine 7 (May 2001). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may01/brahms/05brahms.html

Budhu, Muniram, and Anita Coleman. "The Design and Evaluation of Interactivities in a Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine 8 (November 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november02/coleman/11coleman.html

Chapman, Stephen, and William Comstock. "Digital Imaging Production Services at the Harvard College Library." RLG DigiNews 4, no. 6 (2000). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews4-6.html#feature1

Chudnov, Daniel. "DSpace: Durable Digital Documents." Serials 14 (November 2001): 284-285.

Coleman, Ross. "Australian Co-operative Digitisation Project, 1840-45." Ariadne, no. 8 (1997). http://ukoln.bath.ac.uk/ariadne/issue8/digitisation/

Cook, Matthew. "Economies of Scale: Digitizing the Chicago Daily News." RLG DigiNews 4, no. 1 (2000). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews4-1.html#feature2

Crane, Gregory. "'Hypermedia' and Scholarly Publishing." Scholarly Publishing 21 (April 1990): 131-155.

Crane, Gregory, Robert F. Chavez, Anne Mahoney, Thomas L. Milbank, Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox, David A. Smith, and Clifford E. Wulfman. "Drudgery and Deep Thought." Communications of the ACM 44 (May 2001): 35-40.

D'Alessandro, Michael P., Jeffrey R. Galvin, Stephana I. Colbert, Donna M. D'Alessandro, Teresa A. Choi, Brian D. Aker, William S. Carlson, and Gay D. Pelzer. "Solutions to Challenges Facing a University Digital Library and Press." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 7 (May/June 2000): 246-253.

Erway, Ricky L. "Digital Initiatives of the Research Libraries Group." D-Lib Magazine (December 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december96/rlg/12erway.html

Fenske, David E., and Jon W. Dunn. "The VARIATIONS Project at Indiana University's Music Library." D-Lib Magazine (June 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june96/variations/06fenske.html

Fifarek, Aimee. "Celebrating History and Innovation: The Louisiana Purchase Digital Library Project at Louisiana State University". OCLC Systems & Services 18, no. 4 (2002): 186-194.

Flecker, Dale. "Harvard's Library Digital Initiative: Building a First Generation Digital Library Infrastructure." D-Lib Magazine 6 (November 2000). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november00/flecker/11flecker.html

Foulke, Kathleen, Nancy Milnor, Melissa Watterworth, and Thomas Wilsted. "The Power of Partnering: The Cooperative Creation of Digital Collections." Journal of Digital Information 5, no. 3 (2004). http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v05/i03/Foulke/

Fox, Edward A., John L. Eaton, Gail McMillan, Neill A. Kipp, Paul Mather, Tim McGonigle, William Schweiker, and Brian DeVane. "Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: An International Effort Unlocking University Resources." D-Lib Magazine (September 1997). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september97/theses/09fox.html

Fox, Edward A., John L. Eaton, Gail McMillan, Neill A. Kipp, Laura Weiss, Emilio Arce, and Scott Guyer. "National Library of Theses and Dissertations: A Scalable and Sustainable Approach to Unlock University Resources." D-Lib Magazine (July/August 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september96/theses/09fox.html

Fox, Sean, Cathy Manduca, and Ellen Iverson. "Building Educational Portals atop Digital Libraries." D-Lib Magazine 11, no. 1 (2005). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january05/fox/01fox.html

Garrison, William A. "Retrieval Issues for the Colorado Digitization Project's Heritage Database." D-Lib Magazine 7 (October 2001). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/garrison/10garrison.html

Gladney, Henry M., Fred Mintzer, Fabio Schiattarella, Julian Bescos, and Martin Treu. "Digital Access to Antiquities." Communications of the ACM 41 (April 1998): 49-57.

Graham, Elizabeth. "eLib: The UK Electronic Libraries Programme." Exploit Interactive, no. 3 (1999). http://www.exploit-lib.org/issue3/elib/

Grewal, Dilawar, and Fred Heath. "The Emerging Digital Library: A New Collaborative Opportunity on the Academic Campus." Journal of Library Administration 35, no. 3 (2001): 93-105.

Griffin, Stephen M. "Digital Libraries Initiative—Phase 2." D-Lib Magazine 5 (July/August 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july99/07griffin.html

Grivell, Les. "E-BioSci, Digital Archives, Databases, and the Changing Face of Publishing." Serials 14 (July 2001): 183-188.

Grotke, Robert W. "Digitizing the World's Largest Collection of Natural Sounds: Key Factors to Consider When Transferring Analog-Based Audio Materials to Digital Formats." RLG DigiNews 8, no. 1 (2004). http://www.rlg.org/en/page.php?Page_ID=13201&Printable=1&Article_ID=661

Guillope, Laurent. "Mathematics and Databases: Open Access." Information Services & Use 23, no. 2-3 (2003): 127-131.

Hampson, Andrew. "Case Study: Practical Experiences of Digitisation in the BUILDER Hybrid Library Project." Program 35 (July 2001): 263-275.

Hodges, Doug, and Carrol D. Lunau. "The National Library of Canada's Digital Library Initiatives." Library Hi Tech 17, no. 2 (1999): 152-164.

Hughes, Carol Ann. "Lessons Learned: Digitization of Special Collections at the University of Iowa Libraries." D-Lib Magazine 6 (June 2000). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june00/hughes/06hughes.html

Hunt, Leta, and Philip J. Ethington. "The Utility of Spatial and Temporal Organization in Digital Library Construction." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 23 (November 1997): 475-483.

Hurley, Bernard J., John Price-Wilkin, Merrilee Proffitt, and Howard Besser. The Making of America II Testbed Project: A Digital Library Service Model. Washington, DC: Digital Library Federation, Council on Library and Information Resources, 1999. http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub87/pub87.pdf

Iannella, Renato. "Australian Digital Library Initiatives." D-Lib Magazine (December 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december96/12iannella.html

Jackson, Allyn. "The Digital Mathematics Library." Notices of the AMS 50, no. 8 (2003): 918-923.

Jacoby, JoAnn., and Mary S. Laskowski. "Measurement and Analysis of Electronic Reserve Usage: Toward a New Path in Online Library Service Assessment." portal: Libraries and the Academy 4, no. 2 (2004): 219-232.

Jost, Michael, and Hans J. Becker. "EULER—A Real Virtual Library for Mathematics." High Energy Physics Libraries Webzine, no. 9 (2004). http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/9/papers/5/

Kaplan, Nancy R., and Michael L. Nelson. "Determining the Publication Impact of a Digital Library." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 51, no. 4 (2000): 324-339.

Kelly, Annette, and Domitilla Fagan. "Not Only Shamrocks: Digitising Local Studies Material in Ireland." Cultivate Interactive, no. 8 (2002). http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue8/digitisation/

Klavans, Judith L. "New Center at Columbia University for Digital Library Research: Fostering Interdisciplinary Research and Bridging Cultural Clashes." D-Lib Magazine (March 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march96/klavans/03klavans.html

Kunze, John A., and Brian N. Warling. "Recent Developments in Galen II: Evolution of a Digital Library for the Health Sciences." D-Lib Magazine (March 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march96/03galen2.html

Kurtz, Michael J., Guenther Eichhorn, Alberto Accomazzi, Carolyn Grant, Markus Demleitner, and Stephen S. Murray. "Worldwide Use and Impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (2005): 36-45.

Lee, Stuart. "Digitizing Intellectual Property: The Oxford Scoping Study." Ariadne, no. 22 (1999). http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue22/oxford-mellon/

Lesk, Michael. "Perspectives on DLI-2—Growing the Field." D-Lib Magazine 5 (July/August 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july99/07lesk.html

Ling, Ted. "Why the Archives Introduced Digitisation on Demand." RLG DigiNews 6, no. 4 (2002). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/v6_n4_feature1.html

Liu, Ying. "Geo-referenced Digital Libraries: Experienced Problems of Purpose and Infrastructure." Library Philosophy and Practice 6, no. 1 (2003). http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/liu.html

Lu, Shiyong, Dapeng Liu, Farshad Fotouhi, Ming Dong, Robert Reynolds, Anthony Aristar, Martha Ratliff, Geoff Nathan, Joseph Tan, and Ronald Powell. "Language Engineering for the Semantic Web: A Digital Library for Endangered Languages." Information Research 9, no. 3 (2004). http://informationr.net/ir/9-3/paper176.html

Lougee, Wendy P. "The University of Michigan Digital Library Program: A Retrospective on Collaboration within the Academy." Library Hi Tech 16, no. 1 (1998): 51-59.

Lucier, Richard E. "Building a Digital Library for the Health Sciences: Information Space Complementing Information Place." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 83 (July 1995): 346-350.

Lutz, Marilyn. "The Maine Music Box: A Pilot Project to Create a Digital Music Library." Library Hi Tech 22, no. 3 (2004): 283-294.

McCarthy, Cavan, and Murilo Bastos da Cunha. "Digital Library Development in Brazil." OCLC Systems & Services 19, no. 3 (2003): 114-119.

MacColl, John. "Electronic Theses and Dissertations: A Strategy for the UK." Ariadne, no. 32 (2002). http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue32/theses-dissertations/

Marchionini, Gary. "Evaluating Digital Libraries: A Longitudinal and Multifaceted View." Library Trends 49 (Fall 2000): 304-333.

Marchionini, Gary, and Gary Geisler. "The Open Video Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine 8 (December 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december02/marchionini/12marchionini.html

Maslin, Jon, and Elizabeth Lyon. "Project Patron-Audio and Video On Demand at the University of Surrey." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 24 (November 1998): 464-468.

Mieczkowska, Suzanne, and Kathryn Pryor. "Digitised Newspapers at Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library." Collection Building 21, no. 4 (2002): 155-160.

Mintzer, F. C., L. E. Boyle, A. N. Cazes, B. S. Christian, S. C. Cox, F. P. Giordano, H. M. Gladney, J. C. Lee, M. L. Kelmanson, A. C. Lirani, K. A. Magerlein, A. M. B. Pavani, and F. Schiattarella. "Toward On-line, Worldwide Access to Vatican Library Materials." IBM Journal of Research and Development 40 (March 1996): 139-162.

Mischo, William H. "The Digital Engineering Library: Current Technologies and Challenges." Science & Technology Libraries 19, no. 3/4 (2001): 129-145.

Moen, William E. "Accessing Distributed Cultural Heritage Information." Communications of the ACM 41 (April 1998): 45-48.

Nelson, Michael L., Gretchen L. Gottlich, David J. Bianco, Sharon S. Paulson, Robert L. Binkley, Yvonne D. Kellogg, Chris J. Beaumont, Robert B. Schmunk, Michael J. Kurtz, Alberto Accomazzi, and Omar Syed. "The NASA Technical Report Server." Internet Research: Electronic Network Applications and Policy 5, no. 2 (1995): 25-36.

Nicholson, Dennis, and George Macgregor. "Learning Lessons Holistically in the Glasgow Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine 8 (July/August 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july02/nicholson/07nicholson.html

Nitecki, Danuta A., and William Rando. "A Library and Teaching Center Collaboration to Assess the Impact of Using Digital Images on Teaching, Learning, and Library Support." Vine 34, no. 3 (2004): 119-125.

Ober, John. "The California Digital Library." D-Lib Magazine (March 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march99/03ober.html

Payette, Sandra, Christophe Blanchi, Carl Lagoze, and Edward A. Overly. "Interoperability for Digital Objects and Repositories: The Cornell/CNRI Experiments." D-Lib Magazine 5 (May 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may99/payette/05payette.html

Purday, Jonathan. "The British Library's Initiatives for Access Projects." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 65-66.

Raitt, David. "Digital Library Initiatives across Europe." Computers in Libraries (November/December 2000): 26-34.

Rao, Ramana, Jan O. Pedersen, Marti A. Hearst, Jock D. Mackinlay, Stuart K. Card, Larry Masinter, Per-Kristian Halvorsen, and George G. Robertson. "Rich Interaction in the Digital Library." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 29-39.

Rusch-Feja, Diann, and Hans Jurgen Becker. "Global Info: The German Digital Libraries Project." D-Lib Magazine (April 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april99/04rusch-feja.html

Russell, Kelly. "The JISC Electronic Libraries Programme." Computers and the Humanities 32, no. 5 (1998): 353-375.

Rydberg-Cox, Jeffrey A. "Cultural Heritage Language Technologies: Building an Infrastructure for Collaborative Digital Libraries in the Humanities." Ariadne, no. 34 (2003). http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue34/rydberg-cox/

Rydberg-Cox, Jeffrey A., Robert F. Chavez, David A. Smith, Anne Mahoney, Gregory R. Crane. "Knowledge Management in the Perseus Digital Library." Ariadne, no. 25 (2000). http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/rydberg-cox/

Schlabach, Martin L., and Susan J. Barnes. "The Mann Library Gateway System." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 5, no. 1 (1994): 5-19. http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v5/n1/schlabac.5n1

Schmidt, Heidi, Karen Butter, and Cynthia Rider. "Building Digital Tobacco Industry Document Libraries at the University of California, San Francisco Library/Center for Knowledge Management." D-Lib Magazine 8 (September 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september02/schmidt/09schmidt.html

Shaw, Caroline. "Creating the Charles Booth Online Archive: From Nineteenth Century London Poverty to Twenty-First Century Digital Riches." Library Review 50, no. 5 (2001): 225-230.

Shaw, Elizabeth J. "Building a Digital Library: A Technology Manager's Point of View." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 26 (November 2000): 394-398.

Shaw, Elizabeth J., and Sarr Blumson. "Making of America: Online Searching and Page Presentation at the University of Michigan." D-Lib Magazine (July/August 1997). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july97/america/07shaw.html

Simon, Rebecca. "SCAN: Scholarship from California on the Net." The Serials Librarian 28, no. 1/2 (1996): 123-128.

Solbakk, Svein Arne. "Critical Technological and Architectural Choices for Access and Preservation in a Digital Library Environment." Library Review 52, no. 6 (2003): 251-256.

Staples, Thornton, Ross Wayland, and Sandra Payette. "The Fedora Project: An Open-Source Digital Object Repository Management System." D-Lib Magazine 9, no. 4 (2003). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april03/staples/04staples.html

Starr, Susan S. "Building the Collections of the California Digital Library." Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, no. 17 (Winter 1998). http://www.library.ucsb.edu/istl/98-winter/article2.html

Suleman, Hussein, Anthony Atkins, Marcos A. Goncalves, Robert K. France, Edward A. Fox, Vinod Chachra, Murray Crowder, and Jeff Young. "Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: Bridging the Gaps for Global Access—Part 1: Mission and Progress." D-Lib Magazine 7 (September 2001). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september01/suleman/09suleman-pt1.html

________. "Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: Bridging the Gaps for Global Access—Part 2: Services and Research." D-Lib Magazine 7 (September 2001). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september01/suleman/09suleman-pt2.html

Thompson, Larry A. "Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Virginia Tech." Science & Technology Libraries 20, no. 1 (2001): 87-101.

Underhill, Karen J., and Bruce Palmer. "Archival Content Anywhere@Anytime." Internet Reference Services Quarterly 7, no. 1/2 (2002): 19-30.

Walker, Kizer. "Integrating a Free Digital Resource: The Status of Making of America in Academic Library Collections." RLG DigiNews 6, no. 1 (2002). http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/v6_n1_feature2.html

Wanat, Thomas. "Indiana Program Strives to Digitize Music Without Sacrificing the Quality of Sound." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2 May 1997, A29.

Wiseman, Norman, Chris Rusbridge, and Stephen M. Griffin. "The Joint NSF/JISC International Digital Libraries Initiative." D-Lib Magazine 5 (June 1999). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june99/06wiseman.html

Witten, Ian H. "Customizing Digital Library Interfaces with Greenstone." TCDL Bulletin (Summer 2003). http://www.ieee-tcdl.org/Bulletin/summer2003/witten/witten.html

Witten, Ian H. "Examples of Practical Digital Libraries: Collections Built Internationally Using Greenstone." D-Lib Magazine 9 (March 2003). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march03/witten/03witten.html

Witten, Ian H., Rodger J. McNab, Steve Jones, Mark Apperley, David Bainbridge, and Sally Jo Cunningham. "Mastering Complexity in a Distributed Digital Library." Computer 32 (February 1999): 74-79.

Young, Jeffrey R. "Requiring Theses in Digital Form: The First Year at Virginia Tech." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 February 1998, A29-A31.

Zhang, Yin, Kyiho Lee, and Bum-Jong You. "Usage Patterns of an Electronic Theses and Dissertations System." Online Information Review 25, no. 6 (2001): 370-377.

Zia, Lee L. "The NSF National Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (NSDL) Program." D-Lib Magazine 6 (October 2000). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october00/zia/10zia.html

________. "The NSF National Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education Digital Library (NSDL) Program: New Projects in Fiscal Year 2002." D-Lib Magazine 8 (November 2002). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november02/zia/11zia.html

6.2.8 Stanford Digital Library Project

Paepcke, Andreas, Steve B. Cousins, Hector Garcia-Molina, Scott W. Hassan, Steven P. Ketchpel, Martin Roscheisen, and Terry Winograd. "Using Distributed Objects for Digital Library Interoperability." Computer 29 (May 1996): 61-68.

The Stanford Digital Libraries Group. "The Stanford Digital Library Project." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 59-60.

6.2.9 UC Berkeley Digital Library Project

Van House, Nancy A., Mark H. Butler, Virginia Ogle, and Lisa Schiff. "User-Centered Iterative Design for Digital Libraries: The Cypress Experience." D-Lib Magazine (February 1996). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/02vanhouse.html

Wilensky, Robert. "Toward Work-Centered Digital Information Services." Computer 29 (May 1996): 37-44.

________. "UC Berkeley's Digital Library Project." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 60.

6.2.10 University of Michigan Digital Library Project

Crum, Laurie. "University of Michigan Digital Library Project." Communications of the ACM 38 (April 1995): 63-64.

See also: 3.3 Electronic Serials: Electronic Distribution of Printed Journals; 9 Repositories, E-Prints, and OAI; and Digital Libraries.

Bailey, Charles W., Jr. Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography. Houston: University of Houston Libraries, 1996-2005.