Martin Degeling have self-archived "We Value Your Privacy … Now Take Some Cookies: Measuring the GDPR's Impact on Web Privacy."
Here's an excerpt:
The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) went into effect on May 25, 2018. . . . We monitored this rare event by analyzing the GDPR's impact on popular websites in all 28 member states of the European Union. For each country, we periodically examined its 500 most popular websites —6,579 in total —for the presence of and updates to their privacy policy. While many websites already had privacy policies, we find that in some countries up to 15.7 % of websites added new privacy policies by May 25, 2018, resulting in 84.5 % of websites having privacy policies. 72.6 % of websites with existing privacy policies updated them close to the date. Most visibly, 62.1 % of websites in Europe now display cookie consent notices, 16 % more than in January 2018.. . . Overall, we conclude that the GDPR is making the web more transparent, but there is still a lack of both functional and usable mechanisms for users to consent to or deny processing of their personal data on the Internet.
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