Globally, the past decade has seen a move from 70% of all publishing being closed access to 54% being open access. . . . Figure 1 shows a dramatic 10x increase of OA policies adopted between 2005 and 2022 by institutions, according to ROARMAP. Numbers of policies adopted by funders increased from 19 in 2005 to 142 to 2022. . . . On top of the divergent paths for making research output "open" or "publicly available" (which are not always clearly defined), many policies also mention requirements about metadata and/or research data. However, clearer guidance on these areas are yet to be published.
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