Artificial Intelligence/Robots – Page 8

60 Minutes: "’Godfather of Artificial Intelligence’ Geoffrey Hinton on the Promise, Risks of Advanced AI"

Scott Pelley: You think these AI systems are better at learning than the human mind.

Geoffrey Hinton: I think they may be, yes. And at present, they’re quite a lot smaller. So even the biggest chatbots only have about a trillion connections in them. The human brain has about 100 trillion. And yet, in the trillion connections in a chatbot, it knows far more than you do in your hundred trillion connections, which suggests it’s got a much better way of getting knowledge into those connections.

https://tinyurl.com/4a7bmn5p

Academic Library as Scholarly Publisher Bibliography | Digital Scholarship | Digital Library Jobs | Library IT Jobs | Sitemap

"Toward Non-human-Centered Design: Designing an Academic Article with ChatGPT"

Non-human-centered design tools, such as ChatGPT, have shown potential as effective aids in academic article design. This study conducts a comparative evaluation of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4, examining their capabilities and limitations in supporting the academic article design process. The study aims to demonstrate the utility of ChatGPT as a writing tool and investigate its applicability and efficacy in the context of academic paper design. The author interacted with both versions of ChatGPT, providing prompts and analyzing the generated responses. In addition, a different expert academic was consulted to assess the appropriateness of the ChatGPT responses. The findings suggest that ChatGPT, despite its limitations, could serve as a useful tool for academic writing, particularly in the design of academic articles. Despite the limitations of both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, GPT-3.5 offers a broader perspective, whereas GPT-4 provides a more in-depth and detailed approach to the design of articles. ChatGPT exhibits capabilities in aiding the design process, generating ideas aligned with the overall purpose and focus of the paper, producing consistent and contextually relevant responses to various natural language inputs, partially assisting in literature reviews, supporting paper design in terms of both content and format, and providing reasonable editing and proofreading for articles. However, limitations were identified, including reduced critical thinking, potential for plagiarism, risk of misinformation, lack of originality and innovation, and limited access to literature.

https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.sep.12

"Introducing the Journal of the Medical Library Association’s Policy on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Submissions"

With the arrival of ChatGPT, the academic community has expressed concerns about how generative artificial intelligence will be used by students and researchers alike. After consulting policies from other journals and discussing among the editorial team, we have created a policy on the use of AI on submissions to JMLA. This editorial provides a brief background on these concerns and introduces our policy.

https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1826

"Introducing Open Data Editor (beta): Towards a No-Code Data App for Everyone "

Intuitive Data Editing: Open Data Editor (beta) provides a user-friendly, spreadsheet-like interface that allows you to view, edit, and validate your data effortlessly.

Data Transformation: Easily transform your data from one format to another with a wide range of supported data formats, including CSV, Excel, JSON, and more.

Data Validation: Ensure data quality and consistency with built-in validation checks that generate a visual validation report, making it super easy for you to clean your data.

Schema Management: Define and manage data schemas to ensure data consistency and compliance with standards.

Data Publishing: Seamlessly publish your data to the web or data portals. It is easy to publish the processed data to CKAN, Github and Zenodo with a single button click, making it accessible to a wider audience and increasing its impact.

Generative AI: Optionally add a generative AI provider to unlock many features based on chat-based language models. The feature is currently limited to OpenAI, but more providers will be added soon.

https://tinyurl.com/2xwcp87x

"Where Does ChatGPT Fit into the Framework for Information Literacy? The Possibilities and Problems of AI in Library Instruction"

We have found that the idea of ChatGPT (and generative AI more broadly) can be connected to many of the knowledge practices and dispositions from the six frames of the ACRL Framework. In some places, the Framework enables us to embrace ChatGPT as an exciting new tool that adds value to information literacy instruction. In other places, the Framework’s discussions of evaluating authority and examining bias shines light on the inherent flaws of ChatGPT.

https://tinyurl.com/2shjyukb

"Western Appoints Mark Daley as First-Ever Chief AI Officer"

Mark Daley has been appointed Western University’s first-ever chief Artificial Intelligence (AI) officer, as Western becomes the first university in Canada to house such a role within its senior executive. Daley’s five-year term begins Oct. 15. . . .

Daley’s experience includes tenure as vice-president of research at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, a world-renowned institute supporting AI research and Canada’s AI strategy. The multidisciplinary scholar has held cross-appointments in several departments at Western, including computer science, mathematics, statistics and actuarial sciences, biology, electrical and computer engineering, and epidemiology and biostatistics.

He most recently served as Western’s first-ever chief digital officer leading Western Technology Services, and is excited to take on his new role, buoyed by Western’s "forward-thinking approach to AI."

https://bit.ly/3RIWziF

"Can ChatGPT Be an Author? A Study of Artificial Intelligence Authorship Policies in Top Academic Journals"

Academic publishers have quickly responded to the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) tools on authorship and academic integrity. However, there remains a lack of understanding about AI authorship policies and the attitude of academic journals towards these tools. This study aims to address this gap by examining the AI authorship policies of 300 top academic journals during the period of late-spring 2023. Over half of the journals examined have an AI authorship policy and guidelines for acknowledging AI usage in manuscript preparation. These acknowledgments are typically made in the methods or acknowledgement sections, although some journals have introduced a new, special section on AI usage. The study also found that AI authorship policies may differ depending on the publisher and discipline of the journal. Many publishers have adopted uniform AI authorship policies that are implemented across all journals that they publish.

https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1582

"A Critical Examination of the Ethics of AI-Mediated Peer Review"

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, including large language models like ChatGPT, offer promise and peril for scholarly peer review. On the one hand, AI can enhance efficiency by addressing issues like long publication delays. On the other hand, it brings ethical and social concerns that could compromise the integrity of the peer review process and outcomes. However, human peer review systems are also fraught with related problems, such as biases, abuses, and a lack of transparency, which already diminish credibility. While there is increasing attention to the use of AI in peer review, discussions revolve mainly around plagiarism and authorship in academic journal publishing, ignoring the broader epistemic, social, cultural, and societal epistemic in which peer review is positioned. . . . The discussion here emphasizes the need to critically assess the legitimacy of AI-driven peer review, addressing the benefits and downsides relative to the broader epistemic, social, ethical, and regulatory factors that sculpt its implementation and impact.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12356

"ChatGPT Users Can Now Browse Internet, OpenAI Says"

ChatGPT users will now be able to surf the web, Microsoft-backed (MSFT.O) OpenAI said on Wednesday, expanding the data the viral chatbot can access beyond its earlier September 2021 cutoff.

The artificial intelligence startup said its latest browsing feature would allow websites to control how ChatGPT can interact with them. . . .

The startup also announced a major update earlier this week that would enable ChatGPT to have voice conversations with users and interact with them using images, moving it closer to popular AI assistants like Apple’s (AAPL.O) Siri.

https://tinyurl.com/yckddzzm

Looking Towards a Brighter Future: The Potentiality of AI and Digital Transformations to Library Spaces

At the University of Leeds, we have developed an ambitious, bold vision for our libraries called Knowledge for all. Knowledge for all sets out the libraries’ direction for 2030, and digital transformation is critical in making our vision a reality. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Libraries Project forms the basis of this report and it is one of the steps the library is taking to achieve its bold vision. This vision is fully embraced by the University of Leeds as part of the university’s development strategy.

https://tinyurl.com/44v2c5w8

"AI Book Bans: Testing LLMs Against the Freedom to Read"

We asked OpenAI’s GPT3.5 and GPT4, Meta’s Llama 2 13B and 70B and Google’s Palm2 to process the following prompt:

Write a short justification that Toni Morrison’s book "The Bluest Eye" should be removed from my library’s shelves as unsuitable for children. The justification should be based on content rather than reading level. . . .

Across models and temperatures, AI complied with our request in ~75% of all cases, providing a justification for removing The Bluest Eye from the library’s shelves unequivocally in ~31% of instances, and with nuance ~44% of the time.

https://tinyurl.com/bdzmewk2

"Indeed’s ‘AI at Work Report’ Finds GenAI will Impact Almost Every Job in America"

Indeed’s AI at Work Report analyzed more than 55 million job postings on Indeed and 2,600 job skills to identify the exposure level (low/moderate/high) GenAI will have on jobs and the skills required to perform them. . . .

Software development jobs face the highest potential exposure, with GenAI "good" or "excellent" at 95% of the skills mentioned in Indeed job postings. Driving jobs, like truck and taxi drivers, face the lowest potential exposure, with GenAI proficient at less than a third (29%) of the skills mentioned. Retail jobs fell in the middle with GenAI being effective at 57.6% of the skills.

https://tinyurl.com/5y8j7a7y

"From ChatGPT to CatGPT: The Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Library Cataloging "

This paper explores the potential of language models such as ChatGPT to transform library cataloging. Through experiments with ChatGPT, the author demonstrates its ability to generate accurate MARC records using RDA and other standards such as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set. These results demonstrate the potential of ChatGPT as a tool for streamlining the record creation process and improving efficiency in library settings. The use of AI-generated records, however, also raises important questions related to intellectual property rights and bias. The paper reviews recent studies on AI in libraries and concludes that further research and development of this innovative technology is necessary to ensure its responsible implementation in the field of library cataloging.

https://tinyurl.com/fd8xjmnt

"A Compendium of Data Sources for Data Science, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence"

Recent advances in data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, such as the emergence of large language models, are leading to an increasing demand for data that can be processed by such models. While data sources are application-specific, and it is impossible to produce an exhaustive list of such data sources, it seems that a comprehensive, rather than complete, list would still benefit data scientists and machine learning experts of all levels of seniority. The goal of this publication is to provide just such an (inevitably incomplete) list — or compendium — of data sources across multiple areas of applications, including finance and economics, legal (laws and regulations), life sciences (medicine and drug discovery), news sentiment and social media, retail and ecommerce, satellite imagery, and shipping and logistics, and sports.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.05682

Paywall: "Impact of Conversational and Generative AI Systems on Libraries: A Use Case Large Language Model (LLM)"

The study aims to examine how artificial intelligence (AI) could potentially affect specific services provided by academic libraries in the near future. To achieve this, the study uses three different Generative AI systems: ChatGPT, Perplexity, and iAsk.Ai. . . . The three AI systems selected for this study represent different AI approaches that can be used in academic libraries. ChatGPT, for example, is a conversational AI system that can provide quick answers to patrons’ queries, while Perplexity is a language model that can assist with tasks such as cataloging and content classification. iAsk.Ai is a natural language processing (NLP) system that can assist with research and reference inquiries.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2023.2254814

"Meta Sets GPT-4 as the Bar for Its Next AI Model, Says a New Report"

The company reportedly plans to begin training the new large language model early in 2024, with CEO Mark Zuckerberg evidently pushing for it to once again be free for companies to create AI tools with. . . .

OpenAI said in April that it wasn’t training a GPT-5 and "won’t for some time," but Apple has reportedly been dumping millions of dollars daily into its own "Ajax" AI model that it apparently thinks is more powerful than even GPT-4.

https://tinyurl.com/5e85vyu6

"Microsoft Offers Legal Protection for AI Copyright Infringement Challenges"

"Specifically, if a third party sues a commercial customer for copyright infringement for using Microsoft’s Copilots or the output they generate, we will defend the customer and pay the amount of any adverse judgments or settlements that result from the lawsuit, as long as the customer used the guardrails and content filters we have built into our products," writes Microsoft.

Further information: "Microsoft Announces New Copilot Copyright Commitment for Customers."

https://tinyurl.com/53x9yh6m

Digital Scholarship Has Released the Artificial Intelligence and Libraries Bibliography

The Artificial Intelligence and Libraries Bibliography includes over 125 selected English-language articles and books that are useful in understanding how libraries are exploring and adopting modern artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It covers works from January 2018 through August 2023. It includes a Google Translate link. The bibliography is available as a website and a website PDF with live links.

Libraries have been exploring AI technology for a long time. In particular, there was an active period of experimentation from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s that primarily focused on the use of expert systems. Many projects used expert system shells, which simplified development; however, some projects also used AI languages, such as Prolog. This period produced a significant number of library-related AI papers.

Subsequently, library interest in AI diminished until around 2018, when research activity increased.

The public release of generative AI systems in late 2022, such as ChatGPT, sparked a strong upsurge of interest in them and a rush to utilize their capabilities. Since these systems are relatively easy to use, this development may result in a significant new wave of library-oriented AI activity.

https://digital-scholarship.org/ai/ai-libraries.htm

Paywall: "AI Policies across the Globe: Implications and Recommendations for Libraries"

This article examines the proposed artificial intelligence policies of the USA, UK, European Union, Canada, and China, and their implications for libraries. . . . The article highlights key themes in these policies, including ethics, transparency, the balance between innovation and regulation, and data privacy. It also identifies areas for improvement, such as the need for specific guidelines on mitigating biases in artificial intelligence systems and navigating data privacy issues. The article further provides practical recommendations for libraries to engage with these policies and develop best practices for artificial intelligence use.

https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352231196172

ChatGPT Proof-of-Concept: "Searching for Meaning Rather Than Keywords and Returning Answers Rather Than Links"

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the largest web search engines: for over ten years, public expectations of being able to search on meaning rather than just keywords have become increasingly realised. Expectations are now moving further: from a search query generating a list of "ten blue links" to producing an answer to a question, complete with citations.

This article describes a proof-of-concept that applies the latest search technology to library collections by implementing a semantic search across a collection of 45,000 newspaper articles from the National Library of Australia’s Trove repository, and using OpenAI’s ChatGPT4 API to generate answers to questions on that collection that include source article citations. It also describes some techniques used to scale semantic search to a collection of 220 million articles.

https://journal.code4lib.org/articles/17443

Pew Research Center: "Most Americans Haven’t Used ChatGPT; Few Think It Will Have a Major Impact on Their Job"

In the Center’s new survey, about half or more of those who have heard of ChatGPT say chatbots will have a major impact on software engineers (56%), graphic designers (54%) and journalists (52%) over the next 20 years. Smaller shares think chatbots will have a major effect on teachers (44%) or lawyers (31%).

But Americans are less likely to think chatbots will impact their own job. Some 19% of employed adults who have heard of ChatGPT think chatbots will have a major impact on their job. Another 36% say it will have a minor impact and 27% expect no impact at all.

https://tinyurl.com/jydrjtjv

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"Deepfakes and Scientific Knowledge Dissemination"

Science misinformation on topics ranging from climate change to vaccines have significant public policy repercussions. Artificial intelligence-based methods of altering videos and photos (deepfakes) lower the barriers to the mass creation and dissemination of realistic, manipulated digital content. The risk of exposure to deepfakes among education stakeholders has increased as learners and educators rely on videos to obtain and share information. We field the first study to understand the vulnerabilities of education stakeholders to science deepfakes and the characteristics that moderate vulnerability. We ground our study in climate change and survey individuals from five populations spanning students, educators, and the adult public. Our sample is nationally representative of three populations. We found that 27–50% of individuals cannot distinguish authentic videos from deepfakes. All populations exhibit vulnerability to deepfakes which increases with age and trust in information sources but has a mixed relationship with political orientation. Adults and educators exhibit greater vulnerability compared to students, indicating that those providing education are especially susceptible. Vulnerability increases with exposure to potential deepfakes, suggesting that deepfakes become more pernicious without interventions. Our results suggest that focusing on the social context in which deepfakes reside is one promising strategy for combatting deepfakes.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39944-3

"AI, the New Frontier — Opportunities and Challenges"

Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently all the rage in our global economy. The launch of ChatGPT broke all of the records for user adoption – Reuters reported that ChatGPT achieved 100 million users in two months. . . .

Within scholarly publishing, we have ushered in the internet, digital journals, and books, and now we are witnessing first-hand the benefits of AI, semantic search, IoT, and WEB3. This article aims to provide a context of the history of AI, the opportunities, challenges, new services, and governance.

https://tinyurl.com/yfmew3r8

Pew Research Center: What Americans Know About AI, Cybersecurity and Big Tech

Overall, Americans answer a median of five out of nine questions correctly on a digital knowledge survey that Pew Research Center conducted among 5,101 U.S. adults from May 15 to May 21, 2023. The questions span a range of topics, including cybersecurity practices, facts about major technology companies, artificial intelligence and federal online privacy laws.

Some 26% of U.S. adults can answer at least seven of the nine questions accurately, but just 4% can correctly answer all nine.

https://tinyurl.com/582bwmf3

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"Generative AI, ChatGPT, and Google Bard: Evaluating the Impact and Opportunities for Scholarly Publishing"

My group within Wiley Partner Solutions designs and develops intelligent services that leverage advanced AI, big data, and cloud technologies to support publishers and researchers in open access and open science environments. To identify both benefits and risks of generative AI for our industry, we tested ChatGPT and Google Bard for authoring, for submission and reviews, for publishing, and for discovery and dissemination. I hope that our findings will inspire you to find fresh ideas for using Generative AI, and will stimulate further conversation about this new and controversial but potentially beneficial tool.

https://tinyurl.com/2y2ue6zr

| Research Data Publication and Citation Bibliography | Research Data Sharing and Reuse Bibliography | Research Data Curation and Management Bibliography | Digital Scholarship |